MicroRNA6443-mediated regulation of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE gene alters lignin composition and enhances saccharification in Populus tomentosa.
Identifieur interne : 000268 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000267; suivant : 000269MicroRNA6443-mediated regulation of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE gene alters lignin composition and enhances saccharification in Populus tomentosa.
Auteurs : Di Fan [République populaire de Chine] ; Chaofeng Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Chunfen Fan [République populaire de Chine] ; Jian Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianqiu Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Shu Yao [République populaire de Chine] ; Wanxiang Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yangyang Yan [République populaire de Chine] ; Keming Luo [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- The New phytologist [ 1469-8137 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a limiting enzyme involved in biosynthesizing sinapyl (S) monolignol in angiosperms. Genetic regulation of F5H can influence S monolignol synthesis and therefore improve saccharification efficiency and biofuel production. To date, little is known about whether F5H is post-transcriptionally regulated by endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in woody plants. Here, we report that a microRNA, miR6443, specifically regulates S lignin biosynthesis during stem development in Populus tomentosa. In situ hybridization showed that miR6443 is preferentially expressed in vascular tissues. We further identified that F5H2 is the direct target of miR6443. Overexpression of miR6443 decreased the transcript level of F5H2 in transgenic plants, resulting in a significant reduction in S lignin content. Conversely, reduced miR6443 expression by short tandem target mimics (STTM) elevated F5H2 transcripts, therefore increasing S lignin composition. Introduction of a miR6443-resistant form of F5H2 into miR6443-overexpression plants restored lignin ectopic composition, supporting that miR6443 specifically regulated S lignin biosynthesis by repressing F5H2 in P. tomentosa. Furthermore, saccharification assays revealed decreased hexose yields by 7.5-24.5% in miR6443-overexpression plants compared with the wild-type control, and increased hexoses yields by 13.2-14.6% in STTM6443-overexpression plants. Collectively, we demonstrate that miR6443 modulates S lignin biosynthesis by specially regulating F5H2 in P. tomentosa.
DOI: 10.1111/nph.16379
PubMed: 31849071
Affiliations:
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Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Jian" sort="Hu, Jian" uniqKey="Hu J" first="Jian" last="Hu">Jian Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jianqiu" sort="Li, Jianqiu" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianqiu" last="Li">Jianqiu Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Shu" sort="Yao, Shu" uniqKey="Yao S" first="Shu" last="Yao">Shu Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Wanxiang" sort="Lu, Wanxiang" uniqKey="Lu W" first="Wanxiang" last="Lu">Wanxiang Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Yangyang" sort="Yan, Yangyang" uniqKey="Yan Y" first="Yangyang" last="Yan">Yangyang Yan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Keming" sort="Luo, Keming" uniqKey="Luo K" first="Keming" last="Luo">Keming Luo</name><affiliation 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400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31849071</idno><idno type="pmid">31849071</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/nph.16379</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000556</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">MicroRNA6443-mediated regulation of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE gene alters lignin composition and enhances saccharification in Populus tomentosa.</title><author><name sortKey="Fan, Di" sort="Fan, Di" uniqKey="Fan D" first="Di" last="Fan">Di Fan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Chaofeng" sort="Li, Chaofeng" uniqKey="Li C" first="Chaofeng" last="Li">Chaofeng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Chunfen" sort="Fan, Chunfen" uniqKey="Fan C" first="Chunfen" last="Fan">Chunfen Fan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Jian" sort="Hu, Jian" uniqKey="Hu J" first="Jian" last="Hu">Jian Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jianqiu" sort="Li, Jianqiu" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianqiu" last="Li">Jianqiu Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Shu" sort="Yao, Shu" uniqKey="Yao S" first="Shu" last="Yao">Shu Yao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Wanxiang" sort="Lu, Wanxiang" uniqKey="Lu W" first="Wanxiang" last="Lu">Wanxiang Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Yangyang" sort="Yan, Yangyang" uniqKey="Yan Y" first="Yangyang" last="Yan">Yangyang Yan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Keming" sort="Luo, Keming" uniqKey="Luo K" first="Keming" last="Luo">Keming Luo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400715</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The New phytologist</title><idno type="eISSN">1469-8137</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a limiting enzyme involved in biosynthesizing sinapyl (S) monolignol in angiosperms. Genetic regulation of F5H can influence S monolignol synthesis and therefore improve saccharification efficiency and biofuel production. To date, little is known about whether F5H is post-transcriptionally regulated by endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in woody plants. Here, we report that a microRNA, miR6443, specifically regulates S lignin biosynthesis during stem development in Populus tomentosa. In situ hybridization showed that miR6443 is preferentially expressed in vascular tissues. We further identified that F5H2 is the direct target of miR6443. Overexpression of miR6443 decreased the transcript level of F5H2 in transgenic plants, resulting in a significant reduction in S lignin content. Conversely, reduced miR6443 expression by short tandem target mimics (STTM) elevated F5H2 transcripts, therefore increasing S lignin composition. Introduction of a miR6443-resistant form of F5H2 into miR6443-overexpression plants restored lignin ectopic composition, supporting that miR6443 specifically regulated S lignin biosynthesis by repressing F5H2 in P. tomentosa. Furthermore, saccharification assays revealed decreased hexose yields by 7.5-24.5% in miR6443-overexpression plants compared with the wild-type control, and increased hexoses yields by 13.2-14.6% in STTM6443-overexpression plants. Collectively, we demonstrate that miR6443 modulates S lignin biosynthesis by specially regulating F5H2 in P. tomentosa.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31849071</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1469-8137</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>226</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The New phytologist</Title><ISOAbbreviation>New Phytol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>MicroRNA6443-mediated regulation of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE gene alters lignin composition and enhances saccharification in Populus tomentosa.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>410-425</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/nph.16379</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a limiting enzyme involved in biosynthesizing sinapyl (S) monolignol in angiosperms. Genetic regulation of F5H can influence S monolignol synthesis and therefore improve saccharification efficiency and biofuel production. To date, little is known about whether F5H is post-transcriptionally regulated by endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in woody plants. Here, we report that a microRNA, miR6443, specifically regulates S lignin biosynthesis during stem development in Populus tomentosa. In situ hybridization showed that miR6443 is preferentially expressed in vascular tissues. We further identified that F5H2 is the direct target of miR6443. Overexpression of miR6443 decreased the transcript level of F5H2 in transgenic plants, resulting in a significant reduction in S lignin content. Conversely, reduced miR6443 expression by short tandem target mimics (STTM) elevated F5H2 transcripts, therefore increasing S lignin composition. Introduction of a miR6443-resistant form of F5H2 into miR6443-overexpression plants restored lignin ectopic composition, supporting that miR6443 specifically regulated S lignin biosynthesis by repressing F5H2 in P. tomentosa. Furthermore, saccharification assays revealed decreased hexose yields by 7.5-24.5% in miR6443-overexpression plants compared with the wild-type control, and increased hexoses yields by 13.2-14.6% in STTM6443-overexpression plants. Collectively, we demonstrate that miR6443 modulates S lignin biosynthesis by specially regulating F5H2 in P. tomentosa.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2019 The Authors New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Di</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Chaofeng</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Chunfen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Jian</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Jianqiu</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yao</LastName><ForeName>Shu</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lu</LastName><ForeName>Wanxiang</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yan</LastName><ForeName>Yangyang</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luo</LastName><ForeName>Keming</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4928-7578</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>31</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>New Phytol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882884</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-646X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Populus
</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">lignin monomer</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">miR6443</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">saccharification</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31849071</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/nph.16379</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>References</Title><Reference><Citation>Agarwal T, Grotewold E, Doseff AI, Gray J. 2016. 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